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---
type: types/entity.md
entity_type: technology
tags: [storage, volume-management, linux, disks]
created: 2026-07-31
modified: 2026-08-29
related:
- runs-on: Arch Linux
- see-also: Disk Encryption
sources: [Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]
provenance: sourced
summary: Device-Mapper-Framework unter Linux für flexible Datenträgerverwaltung mit Logical Volumes, Snapshots und Online-Vergrößerung jenseits klassischer Partitionierung.
---
# LVM
**Typ:** technology
## Beschreibung
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ist ein Device-Mapper-Framework für Linux, das eine logische Volumenverwaltung für Festplattenspeicher bietet. Es ermöglicht flexible Speicherzuweisung, Größenänderung und Verwaltung über die Grenzen traditioneller Partitionierungsschemata hinaus.
## Kerndaten
- **Vollständiger Name:** Logical Volume Manager
- **Zweck:** Flexible Disk-Speicherverwaltung
- **Status:** Aktiv, reife Technologie
- **Kernel-Komponente:** Device Mapper
- **Upstream:** Teil des Linux-Kernels
- **Paket:** `lvm2` in den meisten Distributionen
## Komponenten
### Physical Volumes (PV)
Roh-Speichergeräte oder Partitionen, die für LVM-Nutzung initialisiert werden. Dies sind die Bausteine von LVM-Speicherpools.
### Volume Groups (VG)
Sammlungen von physischen Volumes, die einen Speicherpool bilden. Mehrere PVs können in einem einzigen VG kombiniert werden.
### Logical Volumes (LV)
Virtuelle Partitionen, die aus Volume Groups erstellt werden. LVs erscheinen dem System als normale Block-Geräte.
## Funktionen
- **Flexible Größenanpassung:** Größe von Volumes online ändern (auch während des Betriebs)
- **Dynamische Zuweisung:** Speicher nach Bedarf zuweisen
- **Snapshots:** Zeitpunktgenaue Kopien von Volumes erstellen
- **Thin Provisioning:** Speicher bei Bedarf zuweisen
- **Striping:** Daten auf mehrere Festplatten für Leistung verteilen
- **Mirroring:** Redundante Kopien für Zuverlässigkeit erstellen
## Häufige Befehle
### Physical Volumes
```bash
# Initialize a disk or partition as PV
pvcreate /dev/sdX1
# Display PV information
pvdisplay
pvs
# Remove PV
pvremove /dev/sdX1
```
### Volume Groups
```bash
# Create VG from one or more PVs
vgcreate myvg /dev/sdX1 /dev/sdX2
# Display VG information
vgdisplay
vgs
# Extend VG with additional PV
vgextend myvg /dev/sdX3
# Remove VG
vgremove myvg
```
### Logical Volumes
```bash
# Create LV
lvcreate -n mylv -L 10G myvg
# Display LV information
lvdisplay
lvs
# Resize LV
lvresize -L +5G myvg/mylv
lvresize -L 15G myvg/mylv
# Remove LV
lvremove myvg/mylv
```
## Ändern der Größe verschlüsselter LVM-Disks
Bei Verwendung von LVM mit LUKS-Verschlüsselung (häufige Konfiguration) ist der vollständige Größenänderungs-Workflow:
**Example from [[Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]]:**
```bash
# 1. Expand the disk in virtualization layer (ESXi, etc.)
# 2. Rescan SCSI bus to see expanded disk
echo "1" > /sys/class/block/sdb/device/rescan
# 3. Verify disk size
fdisk -l /dev/xyz
# 4. Check LUKS status
cryptsetup status crypted
# 5. Resize LUKS container
cryptsetup resize crypted
# 6. Verify LUKS status
cryptsetup status crypted
# 7. Resize LVM Physical Volume
pvresize /dev/mapper/crypted
# 8. Verify PV size
pvdisplay
# 9. Allocate additional space to Logical Volume
lvresize -L+750g /dev/isp/owncloud
# 10. Verify LV size
lvs
# 11. Resize filesystem
resize2fs /dev/mapper/isp-owncloud
# 12. Verify
df -h
```
## Snapshot-Verwaltung
```bash
# Create snapshot
lvcreate -L 1G -s -n mysnap /dev/myvg/mylv
# Mount snapshot (read-only)
mount /dev/myvg/mysnap /mnt/snapshot
# Remove snapshot
lvremove /dev/myvg/mysnap
```
## Thin Provisioning
```bash
# Create thin pool
lvcreate -L 100G --thinpool mypool myvg
# Create thin LV
lvcreate -V 10G --thin mypool -n mythinlv
```
## Beziehungen
- **Verwendet mit:** [[Disk Encryption]] (dm-crypt/LUKS) für verschlüsselte Volumes
- **Läuft auf:** [[Arch Linux]] und andere Linux-Distributionen
und andere Infrastruktur
- **Teil von:** Speicherverwaltung in Linux-Systemen
## Bewährte Praktiken
1. **Aussagekräftige Namen verwenden:** VG- und LV-Namen sollten ihren Zweck beschreiben
2. **Freien Speicher überwachen:** `vgs` und `lvs` regelmäßig verwenden
3. **Metadaten sichern:** `vgcfgbackup` und `vgcfgrestore`
4. **Partitionen ausrichten:** Richtige Ausrichtung für SSDs verwenden (normalerweise 1 MiB)
5. **Redundanz erwägen:** Mirroring für kritische Daten verwenden
## Siehe auch
- [[Disk Encryption]] - dm-crypt/LUKS für verschlüsselte LVM
- [[Arch Linux]] - Distribution mit LVM-Unterstützung
- [[Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]]
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/LVM
- https://sourceware.org/lvm2/
<!-- wikitool:links -->
## Beziehungen
- **runs-on:** [[Arch Linux]]
- **see-also:** [[Disk Encryption]]
<!-- /wikitool:links -->