54d9540c08
Files changed: - .wikitool-kb.json - AGENTS.md - CHANGES.md - INSTALL-MCP.md - INSTALL.md - README.md - VERSION - instructions/capture-session.md - instructions/dev/issue-tracking.md - instructions/german-terminology.md - instructions/kb-profiles.md - instructions/migrate-corpus.md - instructions/migrations/5.0.0-confidence-removal.md - instructions/private-instance.md - instructions/setup-instance.md - instructions/wiki-lint/SKILL.md - instructions/wiki-manage/SKILL.md - instructions/wiki-query/SKILL.md - kb/CONTRACT.md - kb/CONVENTIONS.md - kb/CONVENTIONS.md.template - kb/concepts/architectures/Consolidation Tiers.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Context Isolation.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Cross-platform Agent Skills.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Episodic Memory.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Hybrid Search.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Implementation Spectrum.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Knowledge Graph.md - kb/concepts/architectures/LLM Wiki Pattern.md - kb/concepts/architectures/MCP-Leseserver.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Memory Lifecycle.md - kb/concepts/architectures/OKF Compatibility.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Optional Instance Context File.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Personalization Plane.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Procedural Memory.md - kb/concepts/architectures/RAG.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Scale Ceiling.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Semantic Memory.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Three-Layer Architecture.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Token Economics.md - kb/concepts/architectures/Working Memory.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Delete Rather Than Anonymize.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Denylist over Allowlist.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Diff-Reviewable Agent Edits.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Dual Licensing by File Plan.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Issue Label Scheme.md - kb/concepts/decisions/KB Stack Versioning.md - kb/concepts/decisions/Structural Enforcement over Documented Rule.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Audit Trail.md - kb/concepts/patterns/BM25.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Command Round-Trip Integrity.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Confidence Scoring.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Contradiction Resolution.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Entity Extraction.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Filter on Ingest.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Forgetting.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Graph Traversal.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Mesh Sync.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Quality Scoring.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Reciprocal Rank Fusion.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Self-Healing.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Shared vs Private.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Typed Relationships.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Vector Search.md - kb/concepts/patterns/Work Coordination.md - kb/concepts/problems/Ambient Environment Dependency.md - kb/concepts/problems/Detect-Repair Asymmetry.md - kb/concepts/problems/Green Suite Blind Spot.md - kb/concepts/problems/Naming Convention Conflict.md - kb/concepts/problems/Write-Once Frontmatter Fields.md - kb/concepts/protocols/CPPC.md - kb/concepts/protocols/Modbus.md - kb/concepts/protocols/SSD TRIM.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Anti-Cramming Heuristic.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Bulk Operations.md - kb/concepts/workflows/CI Integration.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Checkpoint Audit.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Claude Code Auto Mode.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Content Quality Control.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Crystallization.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Event-Driven Automation.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Hooks.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Index Scaling.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Iteration and Cost Limits.md - kb/concepts/workflows/KB Migration.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Knowledge Compounding.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Lint Workflow.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Mass-Update Gate.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Multi-Agent Collaboration.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Privacy and Governance.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Publish-Remote Gate.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Quality and Self-Correction.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Semantic Lint Automation.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Session Orientation.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Split Merge Reclassify.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Split Threshold.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Stub Threshold.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Supersession.md - kb/concepts/workflows/User Management.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Workflow Extraction.md - kb/concepts/workflows/Workflow Orchestration.md - kb/entities/people/Andrej Karpathy.md - kb/entities/people/E3DC GmbH.md - kb/entities/people/Rohit Gupta.md - kb/entities/people/Vannevar Bush.md - kb/entities/projects/BCDModule.md - kb/entities/projects/Chemenu.md - kb/entities/projects/andybalholm-edl.md - kb/entities/projects/goresponsiveness.md - kb/entities/projects/ha-core.md - kb/entities/projects/hacs-e3dc.md - kb/entities/projects/hacs-integration-blueprint.md - kb/entities/projects/llm-wiki-skills.md - kb/entities/projects/plugnburn-edl.md - kb/entities/projects/wiki-skills-vanillaflava.md - kb/entities/projects/wiki-skills.md - kb/entities/systems/AGENTS.md.md - kb/entities/systems/CLAUDE.md.md - kb/entities/systems/E3DC.md - kb/entities/systems/ENVIRONMENT.md.md - kb/entities/systems/Memex.md - kb/entities/systems/Tolkien Gateway.md - kb/entities/technologies/Arch Linux.md - kb/entities/technologies/Disk Encryption.md - kb/entities/technologies/Docker.md - kb/entities/technologies/GRUB.md - kb/entities/technologies/Gitea Actions.md - kb/entities/technologies/Gitea.md - kb/entities/technologies/Go.md - kb/entities/technologies/Home Assistant.md - kb/entities/technologies/Kernel PM Governors.md - kb/entities/technologies/LVM.md - kb/entities/technologies/Linux Kernel.md - kb/entities/technologies/MQTT.md - kb/entities/technologies/OPC UA.md - kb/entities/technologies/Python.md - kb/entities/technologies/Rust.md - kb/entities/technologies/Wine GE.md - kb/entities/technologies/Wine-Staging.md - kb/entities/technologies/acpi-cpufreq.md - kb/entities/technologies/amd-pstate.md - kb/entities/technologies/iii Engine.md - kb/entities/tools/AUR.md - kb/entities/tools/Act Runner.md - kb/entities/tools/Agent Memory.md - kb/entities/tools/Aura.md - kb/entities/tools/Bottles.md - kb/entities/tools/ChatGPT.md - kb/entities/tools/Claude Code.md - kb/entities/tools/Codex CLI.md - kb/entities/tools/Dataview.md - kb/entities/tools/GPG.md - kb/entities/tools/GitHub Copilot.md - kb/entities/tools/Gitea MCP Server.md - kb/entities/tools/Lutris.md - kb/entities/tools/Marp.md - kb/entities/tools/Mistral Vibe.md - kb/entities/tools/NotebookLM.md - kb/entities/tools/Obsidian Web Clipper.md - kb/entities/tools/Obsidian.md - kb/entities/tools/OpenAI Codex.md - kb/entities/tools/OpenCode.md - kb/entities/tools/Pi.md - kb/entities/tools/Proton.md - kb/entities/tools/Steam.md - kb/entities/tools/Wine.md - kb/entities/tools/awesome-llm-wiki.md - kb/entities/tools/farzaa gist.md - kb/entities/tools/gdeploy.md - kb/entities/tools/makepkg.md - kb/entities/tools/pascalandy schema.md - kb/entities/tools/qmd.md - kb/entities/tools/wikitool.md - kb/index.md - kb/log.md - raw/CONTRACT.md - tools/CONTRACT.md - tools/README.md - tools/chemenu/api.py - tools/chemenu/cli.py - tools/chemenu/commands/confidence_decay.py - tools/chemenu/commands/docs_verify.py - tools/chemenu/commands/doctor.py - tools/chemenu/commands/index_build.py - tools/chemenu/commands/new_page.py - tools/chemenu/commands/search.py - tools/chemenu/commands/touch.py - tools/chemenu/commands/version_cmd.py - tools/chemenu/conventions.py - tools/chemenu/corpus_diff.py - tools/chemenu/frontmatter_io.py - tools/chemenu/lint_core.py - tools/chemenu/mcp/server.py - tools/chemenu/page.py - tools/chemenu/search/base.py - tools/chemenu/search/filters.py - tools/chemenu/search/ripgrep.py - tools/chemenu/search/service.py - tools/chemenu/search/types.py - tools/chemenu/tests/conftest.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_api.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_confidence_decay.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_corpus_diff.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_docs_verify.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_frontmatter_io.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_index_build.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_kb_scan.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_lint.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_mcp_server.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_new_page.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_page_ops.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_provenance.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_raw_cmd.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_search.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_touch.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_type_resolver.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_version_cmd.py - tools/chemenu/tests/test_xref.py - tools/chemenu/version.py - types/concept.md - types/concept.schema.yaml - types/entity.md - types/entity.schema.yaml - types/instruction.md - types/type-spec.md
196 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
196 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
type: types/entity.md
|
|
entity_type: technology
|
|
tags: [storage, volume-management, linux, disks]
|
|
created: 2026-07-31
|
|
modified: 2026-08-29
|
|
related:
|
|
- runs-on: Arch Linux
|
|
- see-also: Disk Encryption
|
|
sources: [Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]
|
|
provenance: sourced
|
|
summary: Device-Mapper-Framework unter Linux für flexible Datenträgerverwaltung mit Logical Volumes, Snapshots und Online-Vergrößerung jenseits klassischer Partitionierung.
|
|
---
|
|
# LVM
|
|
|
|
**Typ:** technology
|
|
|
|
## Beschreibung
|
|
|
|
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ist ein Device-Mapper-Framework für Linux, das eine logische Volumenverwaltung für Festplattenspeicher bietet. Es ermöglicht flexible Speicherzuweisung, Größenänderung und Verwaltung über die Grenzen traditioneller Partitionierungsschemata hinaus.
|
|
|
|
## Kerndaten
|
|
|
|
- **Vollständiger Name:** Logical Volume Manager
|
|
- **Zweck:** Flexible Disk-Speicherverwaltung
|
|
- **Status:** Aktiv, reife Technologie
|
|
- **Kernel-Komponente:** Device Mapper
|
|
- **Upstream:** Teil des Linux-Kernels
|
|
- **Paket:** `lvm2` in den meisten Distributionen
|
|
|
|
## Komponenten
|
|
|
|
### Physical Volumes (PV)
|
|
Roh-Speichergeräte oder Partitionen, die für LVM-Nutzung initialisiert werden. Dies sind die Bausteine von LVM-Speicherpools.
|
|
|
|
### Volume Groups (VG)
|
|
Sammlungen von physischen Volumes, die einen Speicherpool bilden. Mehrere PVs können in einem einzigen VG kombiniert werden.
|
|
|
|
### Logical Volumes (LV)
|
|
Virtuelle Partitionen, die aus Volume Groups erstellt werden. LVs erscheinen dem System als normale Block-Geräte.
|
|
|
|
## Funktionen
|
|
|
|
- **Flexible Größenanpassung:** Größe von Volumes online ändern (auch während des Betriebs)
|
|
- **Dynamische Zuweisung:** Speicher nach Bedarf zuweisen
|
|
- **Snapshots:** Zeitpunktgenaue Kopien von Volumes erstellen
|
|
- **Thin Provisioning:** Speicher bei Bedarf zuweisen
|
|
- **Striping:** Daten auf mehrere Festplatten für Leistung verteilen
|
|
- **Mirroring:** Redundante Kopien für Zuverlässigkeit erstellen
|
|
|
|
## Häufige Befehle
|
|
|
|
### Physical Volumes
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Initialize a disk or partition as PV
|
|
pvcreate /dev/sdX1
|
|
|
|
# Display PV information
|
|
pvdisplay
|
|
pvs
|
|
|
|
# Remove PV
|
|
pvremove /dev/sdX1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Volume Groups
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Create VG from one or more PVs
|
|
vgcreate myvg /dev/sdX1 /dev/sdX2
|
|
|
|
# Display VG information
|
|
vgdisplay
|
|
vgs
|
|
|
|
# Extend VG with additional PV
|
|
vgextend myvg /dev/sdX3
|
|
|
|
# Remove VG
|
|
vgremove myvg
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Logical Volumes
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Create LV
|
|
lvcreate -n mylv -L 10G myvg
|
|
|
|
# Display LV information
|
|
lvdisplay
|
|
lvs
|
|
|
|
# Resize LV
|
|
lvresize -L +5G myvg/mylv
|
|
lvresize -L 15G myvg/mylv
|
|
|
|
# Remove LV
|
|
lvremove myvg/mylv
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Ändern der Größe verschlüsselter LVM-Disks
|
|
|
|
Bei Verwendung von LVM mit LUKS-Verschlüsselung (häufige Konfiguration) ist der vollständige Größenänderungs-Workflow:
|
|
|
|
**Example from [[Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]]:**
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# 1. Expand the disk in virtualization layer (ESXi, etc.)
|
|
# 2. Rescan SCSI bus to see expanded disk
|
|
echo "1" > /sys/class/block/sdb/device/rescan
|
|
|
|
# 3. Verify disk size
|
|
fdisk -l /dev/xyz
|
|
|
|
# 4. Check LUKS status
|
|
cryptsetup status crypted
|
|
|
|
# 5. Resize LUKS container
|
|
cryptsetup resize crypted
|
|
|
|
# 6. Verify LUKS status
|
|
cryptsetup status crypted
|
|
|
|
# 7. Resize LVM Physical Volume
|
|
pvresize /dev/mapper/crypted
|
|
|
|
# 8. Verify PV size
|
|
pvdisplay
|
|
|
|
# 9. Allocate additional space to Logical Volume
|
|
lvresize -L+750g /dev/isp/owncloud
|
|
|
|
# 10. Verify LV size
|
|
lvs
|
|
|
|
# 11. Resize filesystem
|
|
resize2fs /dev/mapper/isp-owncloud
|
|
|
|
# 12. Verify
|
|
df -h
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Snapshot-Verwaltung
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Create snapshot
|
|
lvcreate -L 1G -s -n mysnap /dev/myvg/mylv
|
|
|
|
# Mount snapshot (read-only)
|
|
mount /dev/myvg/mysnap /mnt/snapshot
|
|
|
|
# Remove snapshot
|
|
lvremove /dev/myvg/mysnap
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Thin Provisioning
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Create thin pool
|
|
lvcreate -L 100G --thinpool mypool myvg
|
|
|
|
# Create thin LV
|
|
lvcreate -V 10G --thin mypool -n mythinlv
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Beziehungen
|
|
|
|
- **Verwendet mit:** [[Disk Encryption]] (dm-crypt/LUKS) für verschlüsselte Volumes
|
|
- **Läuft auf:** [[Arch Linux]] und andere Linux-Distributionen
|
|
und andere Infrastruktur
|
|
- **Teil von:** Speicherverwaltung in Linux-Systemen
|
|
|
|
## Bewährte Praktiken
|
|
|
|
1. **Aussagekräftige Namen verwenden:** VG- und LV-Namen sollten ihren Zweck beschreiben
|
|
2. **Freien Speicher überwachen:** `vgs` und `lvs` regelmäßig verwenden
|
|
3. **Metadaten sichern:** `vgcfgbackup` und `vgcfgrestore`
|
|
4. **Partitionen ausrichten:** Richtige Ausrichtung für SSDs verwenden (normalerweise 1 MiB)
|
|
5. **Redundanz erwägen:** Mirroring für kritische Daten verwenden
|
|
|
|
## Siehe auch
|
|
|
|
- [[Disk Encryption]] - dm-crypt/LUKS für verschlüsselte LVM
|
|
- [[Arch Linux]] - Distribution mit LVM-Unterstützung
|
|
- [[Source - Arch Linux Cheat Sheet]]
|
|
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/LVM
|
|
- https://sourceware.org/lvm2/
|
|
|
|
<!-- wikitool:links -->
|
|
## Beziehungen
|
|
|
|
- **runs-on:** [[Arch Linux]]
|
|
- **see-also:** [[Disk Encryption]]
|
|
<!-- /wikitool:links -->
|